Watt’s Inside: Electrical Engineering Topics

Battery

1. An Introduction to BESS (Battery Energy Storage System)
2. How does a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Work?
3. Interview Questions on Substation Battery & Battery Charger
4. Discharging and Charging Reactions of a Lead Acid Battery
5. What is Nickel Cadmium Battery? - A Complete Article
6. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation

Electrical Tools

7. DSLP Calculator (Direct Stroke Lightning Protection)
8. Earth Mat Design Calculator - A Complete 100% Free IEEE 80 Tool
9. Ohm's Law Calculator - A Free Online Calculator for Circuits

Power Transmission

10. Working of BCU (Bay Control Unit) with an Example
11. BCU - What is a Bay Control Unit? Complete Guide
12. Basic Working of a Thermal Power Plant - Complete Guide
13. Structure of Power Systems - A Complete Guide
14. How does a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Work?
15. What is CONTROLLED SWITCHING DEVICE? Made Simplified
16. What is Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) - A Simplified Theory
17. What is Tariff-Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB)?
18. How to Enhance Transmission Capacity?
19. What is Radio Interference Voltage(RIV)? How to Measure RIV?
20. What is STATCOM and its Uses? - A Complete Guide
21. What is Electrical Transmission System? A Complete Guide
22. Structural Detail of Transmission Towers - A Complete Guide
23. Transmission Towers - Ultimate Guide to A, B, C, and D Type
24. What is ACSR Conductor? - A Complete Explanation
25. What is an HTLS Conductor? - Introduction to HTLS
26. What are Different Types of HTLS Conductor? Complete Article
27. What is ACSS Conductor? Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported
28. What is a TACSR Conductor? - A Complete Guide
29. What is STACIR (INVAR Core HTLS Conductor) ? Complete Guide
30. GAP-Type HTLS Conductors
31. What is ACCC? Aluminium Conductor Composite Core
32. Insulators Used in Overhead Transmission Lines
33. Disc Insulators in High Voltage Transmission Lines 
34. Silicone Rubber Composite Insulators | Long Rod Type
35. Voltage Regulation in Transmission Line? – A Complete Guide
36. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide
37. What is Corona Effect? A Complete Theory and Explanation
38. Line Differential Protection
39. Working Principle of Digital Teleprotection Coupler
40. Testing of ACSR Conductors
41. Testing on GSS Earth Wire

Overhead Conductor

42. What is ACSR Conductor? - A Complete Explanation
43. What is an HTLS Conductor? - Introduction to HTLS
44. What are Different Types of HTLS Conductor? Complete Article
45. What is ACSS Conductor? Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported
46. What is a TACSR Conductor? - A Complete Guide
47. What is STACIR (INVAR Core HTLS Conductor) ? Complete Guide
48. GAP-Type HTLS Conductors
49. What is ACCC? Aluminium Conductor Composite Core
50. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide
51. Testing of ACSR Conductors
52. Testing on GSS Earth Wire

Power Transformer

53. What is a Winding Temperature Indicator? A Complete Article
54. Interview Questions on Power Transformers - Part - 2
55. What is Inrush Current in a Transformer? Easy Explanation
56. How to Calculate Fault MVA of a Transformer?
57. What is a Electrical Power Transformer - A Complete Guide
58. What is an Ideal Transformer? A Complete Answer
59. Working Principle of a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
60. EMF Equation of a Transformer - A Complete Derivation
61. Transformer Vector Diagram or Phasor Diagram - Explained
62. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - A Complete Explanation
63. Parallel Operation of Transformers - A Complete Explanation
64. Autotransformer | How does it save copper? A Complete Theory
65. What is Tertiary or Stabilizer Winding? A Complete Theory
66. Voltage Regulation of a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
67. Different Losses in a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
68. What is Transformer Efficiency? - A Complete Explanation
69. Core and Shell Type Transformer Core - A Complete Guide
70. Amorphous Core for Transformers - A Complete Guide
71. Condenser Bushing - Theory of Capacitor Grading
72. Synthetic Resin Bonded Paper Bushing (SRBP or RBP)
73. OIP Bushing (Oil Impregnated Paper Bushing) - Explained
74. RIP Bushing Construction and Design - A Complete Guide
75. What is a Transformer Breather? A Complete Guide
76. What is a Buchholz Relay? A Complete Working Principle
77. What is an Oil Surge Relay (OSR)? - A Complete Guide
78. What is Transformer Oil? Types of Transformer Oil
79. Key Properties of Transformer Oil and Why They Matter
80. Technical Parameters of Transformer Oil - A Complete Guide
81. Nitrogen Injection Fire Protection System (NIFPS or NIFPES)
82. Stage Inspection of a Transformer
83. Parameters of a Transformer (10MVA 66/11KV Transformer)
84. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
85. Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection of Transformer
86. High Impedance REF Protection of Transformer- Complete Guide
87. Backup Protection of Transformer - Over Current Earth Fault
88. Testing on 10MVA Power Transformer
89. Testing on New Transformer Oil
90. Interview Questions on Power Transformer Part - 1

Circuit Breakers

91. High Voltage Circuit Breaker - Air, Oil, SF6 & Vacuum Types
92. Rated Short Circuit Making Current and Breaking Current 
93. Zero Current Crossing Method in A Circuit Breaker
94. Small Inductive Current Interruption by Circuit Breakers
95. Arc Voltage, Recovery Voltage, Restriking Voltage, RRRV
96. Shunt Trip Mechanism Vs Series Trip Mechanism
97. Details Current Ratings of a Circuit Breaker
98. First Pole to Clear Factor of Circuit Breaker
99. Rated Transient Recovery Voltage of a Circuit Breaker
100. M2 Class Circuit Breakers as per IEC 62271‑100
101. C2 Duty Cycle Test for Circuit Breakers as per IEC 62271
102. Construction and Working of MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
103. Selective DC Scheme in Breaker Control Circuit
104. Spring - Spring Mechanism of Circuit Breaker - Explained
105. Anti-Pumping Scheme in Circuit Breakers - A Complete Guide
106. Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker | MOCB - Explained
107. Duty Cycle of a Circuit Breaker
108. Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker - History, Working & Drawbacks

SF6 Circuit Breaker

109. Types of SF6 Circuit Breaker - A Complete Comparison Guide
110. SF6 Gas Properties | SF6 in CB - A Complete Guide
111. Greenhouse Effect of SF6 Gas and Alternative Gas of SF6
112. DC Control Circuit of an SF6 Circuit Breaker
113. Testing on SF6 Circuit Breaker
114. Objective Questions on SF6 CB - A Complete MCQ Series

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

115. Effects of Contact Gap in VCBs: A Complete Guide
116. What is Metal Enclosed Indoor Switchgear? A Complete Guide
117. What is a Vacuum Circuit Breaker? A Complete Theory
118. How does a Vacuum Arc Form? A Complete Explanation
119. Working Principle of Vacuum Circuit Breaker
120. A Complete Comparison of Vacuum Circuit Breakers with Other
121. Vacuum Interrupter - Construction, Function, Arc Quenching
122. Design of Contacts in Vacuum Interrupters
123. Testing of a Vacuum Circuit Breaker
124. Ratings of 36kV Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker
125. Questions on 33KV Circuit Breaker - A Complete Session

Current Transformer

126. What is a Current Transformer? - A Complete Explanation
127. Current Transformer: Working Principle, Theory, and Purpose
128. What are the Types of Current Transformer - A Complete Guide
129. Dead Tank CT (Current Transformer) - A Complete Guide
130. Live Tank Current Transformer (Live Tank CT)
131. Live Tank vs Dead Tank Current Transformers
132. Protection CT Vs Metering CT - Differences and Applications
133. Selection of CTs for Protection & Metering - Complete Guide
134. Errors in Current Transformers (CTs) & Saturation in CTs
135. Instrument Safety Factor or Instrument Security Factor (ISF)
136. What is Accuracy Limit Factor of CT? Complete Details
137. CT Saturation and its Causes & Effects - A Complete Guide
138. Testing of HV Current Transformer - A Complete List
139. Core Balance CT or Core Balance Current Transformer (CBCT)
140. What is Nanocrystalline Core in CTs? A Complete Detail
141. What is SF6 CT? SF6 Current Transformer - Complete Guide
142. Rogowski Coil CT - A Complete Guide to Theory and Operation

Potential Transformer

143. What is Potential Transformer or PT? Complete Theory
144. Testing of Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
145. Ferroresonance in PT and its Prevention – Simplified Theory
146. Technical Parameters of a Potential Transformer (PT)
147. Questions on Voltage Transformer – A Complete Session

Lightning Arrester

148. What is a Lightning Arrester? - Types of LA
149. Lightning Arrester Ratings - A Details and Complete Guide
150. Lightning Arrester - Gapless Metal Oxide (ZnO) Arrester
151. Zinc Oxide Material Science for ZnO Blocks
152. Valve Type Lightning Arresters
153. Testing of Lightning Arrester
154. Top Questions on HV Lightning Arresters - A Complete Session

Capacitor Bank

155. Reactive Power in Power Systems - A Simplified Explanation
156. Location and Connection of Capacitor Banks
157. Shunt Capacitor Bank and Series Capacitor Bank
158. Double Star Ungrounded Capacitor Bank
159. Details of Capacitor Units in a Capacitor Bank
160. Construction and Manufacturing Process of a Capacitor Unit
161. Why Reactors are Used with Capacitor Banks
162. Protection of a Capacitor Bank | Unbalance Protection Scheme
163. Testing of Capacitor Bank

Bus Layout

164. What is Metal Enclosed Indoor Switchgear? A Complete Guide
165. Types of Bus Arrangements in Substations - A Complete Guide

Earthing System

166. Important Questions (MCQ) on Transformers with Explanations
167. Substation Earthing - A Simplified and Complete Guide
168. How Lightning Occurs? Complete and Simple Explanation
169. Direct Stroke Lightning Protection (DSLP) Philosophy - IEEE
170. Empirical DSLP Design Methods - A Complete Explanation
171. Topics Covered or to be Covered
172. How to Measure Soil Resistivity for A Transmission Line?
173. Earth Mat Design Calculator - A Complete 100% Free IEEE 80 Tool
174. How to Measure Soil Resistivity: Detailed Process Explained
175. What is a Sheath Voltage Limiter?
176. Earth Continuity Conductor or Cable (ECC) for EHV Cables

Electrical Parameters

177. Power Frequency Withstand Voltage & Impulse Voltage Ratings
178. What is Inductance? Complete Guide for Electrical Engineers
179. What is an Inductor? How does an Inductor Work in DC?
180. Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law?
181. Behavior of An Inductor in AC Circuit - Complete Explanation
182. What is Ideal Current Source and Practical Current Source?
183. What is Ideal Voltage Source and Practical Voltage Source?
184. What is the Magnetic Effect of Current - Complete Theory
185. What is Insulation Resistance ? - A Complete Guide
186. What Are the Different Types of Resistors? Complete Guide
187. What is a Wire Wound Resistor? A Complete Guide
188. Metal Film Resistor Design and Applications A Complete Guide
189. What is a Carbon Film Resistor? - A Complete Guide
190. What is a Carbon Composition Resistor - A Complete Guide
191. What is Resistivity (Specific Resistance)? A Complete Guide
192. What is Electrical Resistance? A Complete Answer
193. Effect of Temperature on Resistance - A Complete Explanation
194. Ohm's Law - A Complete Guide with Formula and Examples
195. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation
196. Quality Factor & Dissipation Factor or Q Factor & D Factor
197. Voltage Regulation in Transmission Line? – A Complete Guide
198. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide

Electrical Protection

199. What is an Electrical Protection Relay? Explained in Details
200. Electromagnetic Attraction Type Relay
201. Contact Multiplier Relay – Construction and Working
202. What is an Induction Disc Relay – A Complete Explanation
203. What is Induction Cup Relay? A Complete Explanation
204. What is Watthour Meter Type Induction Relay? Complete Theory
205. What is Electrical Static Relay - A Complete Explanation
206. High Impedance Bus Differential Protection
207. What is a Numerical Protection Relay - A Complete Guide
208. Local Breaker Backup (LBB) Protection - Explained
209. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
210. Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection of Transformer
211. Line Differential Protection
212. High Impedance REF Protection of Transformer- Complete Guide
213. Backup Protection of Transformer - Over Current Earth Fault
214. SOTF Protection or Switch On To Fault Protection

Differential Protection

215. High Impedance Bus Differential Protection
216. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
217. Line Differential Protection

Solar Panel

218. What is a Photovoltaic Cell? A Complete Theory Explained
219. How Monocrystalline Solar Panels Are Made - Complete Guide
220. What is Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Power Plant - Easy Read
221. What is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)? Complete Theory
222. What is DC–DC Converter? Complete Explanation with Circuit

Equipment Testing

223. Testing of HV Current Transformer - A Complete List
224. Testing of a Station Service Transformer as per Standards
225. Testing on Earthing Transformer
226. Testing on SF6 Circuit Breaker
227. Testing of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
228. Testing of a Vacuum Circuit Breaker
229. Testing of Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
230. Testing of Lightning Arrester
231. Testing on 10MVA Power Transformer
232. Testing of High Voltage Isolators
233. Testing of Capacitor Bank
234. Testing on New Transformer Oil
235. Testing on Clamp Connectors of Power Circuit
236. Testing on Aluminium Bus Pipe
237. Testing of ACSR Conductors
238. Testing on GSS Earth Wire
239. Testing of XLPE Cable above 33KV up to 220KV

Gas Insulated Switchgear

240. Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) - An Introduction
241. Testing of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
242. Online Partial Discharge Measurement of GIS

High Voltage Cable

243. Interview Questions on High Voltage Cables - Complete List
244. EHV XLPE Cable Construction: Exploring Each Part
245. What is XLPE or Cross Linked Polyethylene
246. Type, Routine and Acceptance Tests for HV XLPE Cables
247. What is Milliken Segmented Stranded Conductor Ultimate Guide
248. Types of Sheath Bonding in High Voltage Cable
249. What is a Sheath Voltage Limiter?
250. Earth Continuity Conductor or Cable (ECC) for EHV Cables
251. Testing of XLPE Cable above 33KV up to 220KV

Ratings of Electrical Equipment

252. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation
253. Current Ratings of an Electrical Equipment
254. What is Normal Current Rating? - A Complete Guide
255. Details Current Ratings of a Circuit Breaker
256. Rated Transient Recovery Voltage of a Circuit Breaker
257. Duty Cycle of a Circuit Breaker
258. What is Basic Insulation Level (BIL) - A Complete Guidance
259. Ratings of 36kV Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Testing Procedure

260. DC Resistance Test on Stranded Conductor - A Complete Guide
261. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) - A Complete Guide

Measuring Instrument

262. What is Attraction Moving Iron Instrument - A Complete Guide
263. What is an LCR Meter? Working Principle of an LCR Meter

Interview Questions

264. Interview Questions on Power Transformers - Part - 2
265. Interview Questions on High Voltage Cables - Complete List
266. Interview Questions on Substation Battery & Battery Charger
267. Questions on Voltage Transformer – A Complete Session
268. Top Questions on HV Lightning Arresters - A Complete Session
269. Interview Questions on Power Transformer Part - 1
270. Questions on 33KV Circuit Breaker - A Complete Session

Electrical MCQs

271. Objective Questions on SF6 CB - A Complete MCQ Series
272. Quiz on Electrical Engineering - A Complete MCQ Quiz Series