Watt’s Inside: Electrical Engineering Topics

Bus Layout

1. What is Metal Enclosed Indoor Switchgear? A Complete Guide
2. Types of Bus Arrangements in Substations - A Complete Guide

Capacitor Bank

3. Protection of a Capacitor Bank | Unbalance Protection Scheme
4. Why Reactors are Used with Capacitor Banks
5. Double Star Ungrounded Capacitor Bank
6. Construction and Manufacturing Process of a Capacitor Unit
7. Location and Connection of Capacitor Banks
8. Shunt Capacitor Bank and Series Capacitor Bank
9. Details of Capacitor Units in a Capacitor Bank
10. Reactive Power in Power Systems: A Complete Guide
11. Testing of Capacitor Bank

Circuit Breakers

12. Shunt Trip Mechanism Vs Series Trip Mechanism
13. Construction and Working of MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
14. Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker | MOCB - Explained
15. Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker - History, Working & Drawbacks
16. Rated Short Circuit Making Current and Breaking Current 
17. M2 Class Circuit Breakers as per IEC 62271‑100
18. C2 Duty Cycle Test for Circuit Breakers as per IEC 62271
19. Small Inductive Current Interruption by Circuit Breakers
20. First Pole to Clear Factor of Circuit Breaker
21. Arc Voltage, Recovery Voltage, Restriking Voltage, RRRV
22. Spring - Spring Mechanism of Circuit Breaker - Explained
23. Selective DC Scheme in Breaker Control Circuit
24. Anti-Pumping Scheme in Circuit Breakers - A Complete Guide
25. Rated Transient Recovery Voltage of a Circuit Breaker
26. Duty Cycle of a Circuit Breaker
27. High Voltage Circuit Breaker - Air, Oil, SF6 & Vacuum Types
28. Zero Current Crossing Method in A Circuit Breaker
29. Details Current Ratings of a Circuit Breaker

Current Transformer

30. Rogowski Coil CT - A Complete Guide to Theory and Operation
31. What are the Types of Current Transformer - A Complete Guide
32. What is a Current Transformer? - A Complete Explanation
33. What is SF6 CT? SF6 Current Transformer - Complete Guide
34. Protection CT Vs Metering CT - Differences and Applications
35. CT Saturation and its Causes & Effects - A Complete Guide
36. Errors in Current Transformers (CTs) & Saturation in CTs
37. Selection of CTs for Protection & Metering - Complete Guide
38. Core Balance CT or Core Balance Current Transformer (CBCT)
39. Dead Tank CT (Current Transformer) - A Complete Guide
40. Live Tank Current Transformer (Live Tank CT)
41. Instrument Safety Factor or Instrument Security Factor (ISF)
42. Current Transformer: Working Principle, Theory, and Purpose
43. Live Tank vs Dead Tank Current Transformers
44. What is Nanocrystalline Core in CTs? A Complete Detail
45. Testing of HV Current Transformer
46. What is Accuracy Limit Factor of CT? Complete Details

Differential Protection

47. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
48. Line Differential Protection
49. High Impedance Bus Differential Protection

Earthing System

50. Empirical DSLP Design Methods - A Complete Explanation
51. Direct Stroke Lightning Protection (DSLP) Philosophy - IEEE
52. How Lightning Occurs? Complete and Simple Explanation
53. Topics Covered or to be Covered
54. What is Nickel Cadmium Battery? - A Complete Article
55. How to Measure Soil Resistivity for A Transmission Line?
56. What is Normal Current Rating? - A Complete Guide
57. Earth Continuity Conductor or Cable (ECC) for EHV Cables
58. How to Measure Soil Resistivity: Detailed Process Explained
59. What is a Sheath Voltage Limiter?
60. Earth Mat Design Calculator - A Complete 100% Free IEEE 80 Tool

Electrical MCQs

61. Quiz on Electrical Engineering - A Complete MCQ Quiz Series
62. Objective Questions on SF6 CB - A Complete MCQ Series

Electrical Parameters

63. What is Ideal Current Source and Practical Current Source?
64. What is Ideal Voltage Source and Practical Voltage Source?
65. Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law?
66. What is Inductance? Complete Guide for Electrical Engineers
67. Behavior of An Inductor in AC Circuit - Complete Explanation
68. What is an Inductor? How does an Inductor Work in DC?
69. What is the Magnetic Effect of Current - Complete Theory
70. Voltage Regulation in Transmission Line? – A Complete Guide
71. What is Insulation Resistance ? - A Complete Guide
72. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide
73. What Are the Different Types of Resistors? Complete Guide
74. What is a Wire Wound Resistor? A Complete Guide
75. Metal Film Resistor Design and Applications A Complete Guide
76. What is a Carbon Film Resistor? - A Complete Guide
77. What is a Carbon Composition Resistor - A Complete Guide
78. What is Resistivity (Specific Resistance)? A Complete Guide
79. What is Electrical Resistance? A Complete Answer
80. Effect of Temperature on Resistance - A Complete Explanation
81. Ohm's Law - A Complete Guide with Formula and Examples
82. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation
83. Quality Factor & Dissipation Factor or Q Factor & D Factor

Electrical Protection

84. High Impedance REF Protection of Transformer- Complete Guide
85. Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection of Transformer
86. Backup Protection of Transformer - Over Current Earth Fault
87. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
88. What is Watthour Meter Type Induction Relay? Complete Theory
89. What is Induction Cup Relay? A Complete Explanation
90. What is an Induction Disc Relay – A Complete Explanation
91. What is a Numerical Protection Relay - A Complete Guide
92. What is Electrical Static Relay - A Complete Explanation
93. SOTF Protection or Switch On To Fault Protection
94. Contact Multiplier Relay – Construction and Working
95. Electromagnetic Attraction Type Relay
96. What is an Electrical Protection Relay? Explained in Details
97. Local Breaker Backup (LBB) Protection - Explained
98. Line Differential Protection
99. High Impedance Bus Differential Protection

Electrical Tools

100. DSLP Calculator (Direct Stroke Lightning Protection)
101. Ohm's Law Calculator - A Free Online Calculator for Circuits
102. Earth Mat Design Calculator - A Complete 100% Free IEEE 80 Tool

Equipment Testing

103. Testing of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
104. Testing on GSS Earth Wire
105. Testing on New Transformer Oil
106. Testing on Earthing Transformer
107. Testing on Clamp Connectors of Power Circuit
108. Testing on SF6 Circuit Breaker
109. Testing on Aluminium Bus Pipe
110. Testing of ACSR Conductors
111. Testing of Lightning Arrester
112. Testing of Capacitor Bank
113. Testing of Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
114. Testing of XLPE Cable above 33KV up to 220KV
115. Testing on 10MVA Power Transformer
116. Testing of a Station Service Transformer as per Standards
117. Testing of a Vacuum Circuit Breaker
118. Testing of HV Current Transformer
119. Testing of High Voltage Isolators

Gas Insulated Switchgear

120. Testing of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
121. Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) - An Introduction
122. Online Partial Discharge Measurement of GIS

High Voltage Cable

123. Testing of XLPE Cable above 33KV up to 220KV
124. Earth Continuity Conductor or Cable (ECC) for EHV Cables
125. Type, Routine and Acceptance Tests for HV XLPE Cables
126. What is XLPE or Cross Linked Polyethylene
127. What is Milliken Segmented Stranded Conductor Ultimate Guide
128. EHV XLPE Cable Construction: Exploring Each Part
129. What is a Sheath Voltage Limiter?
130. Types of Sheath Bonding in High Voltage Cable

Interview Questions

131. Questions on Voltage Transformer – A Complete Session
132. Top Questions on HV Lightning Arresters - A Complete Session
133. Interview Questions on Power Transformer A Complete Session
134. Questions on 33KV Circuit Breaker - A Complete Session

Lightning Arrester

135. Valve Type Lightning Arresters
136. Zinc Oxide Material Science for ZnO Blocks
137. Lightning Arrester - Gapless Metal Oxide (ZnO) Arrester
138. What is a Lightning Arrester? - Types of LA
139. Lightning Arrester Ratings - A Details and Complete Guide
140. Testing of Lightning Arrester
141. Top Questions on HV Lightning Arresters - A Complete Session

Measuring Instrument

142. What is Attraction Moving Iron Instrument - A Complete Guide
143. What is an LCR Meter? Working Principle of an LCR Meter

Overhead Conductor

144. What is ACCC? Aluminium Conductor Composite Core
145. What is ACSS Conductor? Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported
146. What is a TACSR Conductor? - A Complete Guide
147. What are Different Types of HTLS Conductor? Complete Article
148. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide
149. What is ACSR Conductor? - A Complete Explanation
150. GAP-Type HTLS Conductors
151. What is STACIR (INVAR Core HTLS Conductor) ? Complete Guide
152. What is an HTLS Conductor? - Introduction to HTLS
153. Testing on GSS Earth Wire
154. Testing of ACSR Conductors

Potential Transformer

155. What is Potential Transformer or PT? Complete Theory
156. Testing of Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
157. Ferroresonance in Potential Transformer or PT or VT
158. Technical Parameters of a Potential Transformer (PT)
159. Questions on Voltage Transformer – A Complete Session

Power Transformer

160. Technical Parameters of Transformer Oil - A Complete Guide
161. Key Properties of Transformer Oil and Why They Matter
162. What is Transformer Oil? Types of Transformer Oil
163. What is Tertiary or Stabilizer Winding? A Complete Theory
164. Autotransformer | How does it save copper? A Complete Theory
165. What is Transformer Efficiency? - A Complete Explanation
166. High Impedance REF Protection of Transformer- Complete Guide
167. Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection of Transformer
168. Backup Protection of Transformer - Over Current Earth Fault
169. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
170. Working Principle of a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
171. What is an Ideal Transformer? A Complete Answer
172. What is a Electrical Power Transformer - A Complete Guide
173. Parallel Operation of Transformers - A Complete Explanation
174. Different Losses in a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
175. Voltage Regulation of a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
176. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - A Complete Explanation
177. What is a Transformer Breather? A Complete Guide
178. Core and Shell Type Transformer Core - A Complete Guide
179. What is an Oil Surge Relay (OSR)? - A Complete Guide
180. What is a Buchholz Relay? A Complete Working Principle
181. RIP Bushing Construction and Design - A Complete Guide
182. OIP Bushing (Oil Impregnated Paper Bushing) - Explained
183. Condenser Bushing - Theory of Capacitor Grading
184. Synthetic Resin Bonded Paper Bushing (SRBP or RBP)
185. Transformer Vector Diagram or Phasor Diagram - Explained
186. Stage Inspection of a Transformer
187. EMF Equation of a Transformer - A Complete Derivation
188. Testing on New Transformer Oil
189. Amorphous Material for Transformer Core - A Complete Guide
190. Testing on 10MVA Power Transformer
191. Parameters of a Transformer (10MVA 66/11KV Transformer)
192. Interview Questions on Power Transformer A Complete Session
193. Nitrogen Injection Fire Protection System (NIFPS or NIFPES)

Power Transmission

194. What is Radio Interference Voltage(RIV)? How to Measure RIV?
195. How to Enhance Transmission Capacity?
196. What is STATCOM and its Uses? - A Complete Guide
197. What is Corona Effect? A Complete Theory and Explanation
198. What is ACCC? Aluminium Conductor Composite Core
199. What is ACSS Conductor? Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported
200. What is a TACSR Conductor? - A Complete Guide
201. What are Different Types of HTLS Conductor? Complete Article
202. Structural Detail of Transmission Towers - A Complete Guide
203. Voltage Regulation in Transmission Line? – A Complete Guide
204. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide
205. What is Electrical Transmission System? A Complete Guide
206. Transmission Towers - Ultimate Guide to A, B, C, and D Type
207. Silicone Rubber Composite Insulators | Long Rod Type
208. Disc Insulators in High Voltage Transmission Lines 
209. Insulators Used in Overhead Transmission Lines
210. What is ACSR Conductor? - A Complete Explanation
211. GAP-Type HTLS Conductors
212. What is STACIR (INVAR Core HTLS Conductor) ? Complete Guide
213. What is an HTLS Conductor? - Introduction to HTLS
214. Line Differential Protection
215. Testing on GSS Earth Wire
216. Testing of ACSR Conductors
217. Working Principle of Digital Teleprotection Coupler

Ratings of Electrical Equipment

218. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation
219. Rated Transient Recovery Voltage of a Circuit Breaker
220. Duty Cycle of a Circuit Breaker
221. Details Current Ratings of a Circuit Breaker
222. Current Ratings of an Electrical Equipment
223. What is Basic Insulation Level (BIL) - A Complete Guidance
224. Ratings of 36kV Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker

SF6 Circuit Breaker

225. Objective Questions on SF6 CB - A Complete MCQ Series
226. DC Control Circuit of an SF6 Circuit Breaker
227. Greenhouse Effect of SF6 Gas and Alternative Gas of SF6
228. Types of SF6 Circuit Breaker - A Complete Comparison Guide
229. SF6 Gas Properties | SF6 in CB - A Complete Guide
230. Testing on SF6 Circuit Breaker

Solar Panel

231. What is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)? Complete Theory
232. What is DC–DC Converter? Complete Explanation with Circuit
233. What is Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Power Plant - Easy Read
234. How Monocrystalline Solar Panels Are Made - Complete Guide
235. What is a Photovoltaic Cell? A Complete Theory Explained

Testing Procedure

236. DC Resistance Test on Stranded Conductor - A Complete Guide
237. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) - Working Principle

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

238. Effect of Contact Gap and Contact Velocity on Arc in VCB?
239. What is Metal Enclosed Indoor Switchgear? A Complete Guide
240. Design of Contacts in Vacuum Interrupters
241. How does a Vacuum Arc Form? A Complete Explanation
242. A Complete Comparison of Vacuum Circuit Breakers with Other
243. Vacuum Interrupter - Construction, Function, Arc Quenching
244. Working Principle of Vacuum Circuit Breaker
245. What is a Vacuum Circuit Breaker? A Complete Theory
246. Questions on 33KV Circuit Breaker - A Complete Session
247. Ratings of 36kV Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker
248. Testing of a Vacuum Circuit Breaker