Power Transmission

The a operator is one of the most important mathematical concepts used in the analysis of three-phase unbalanced systems and asymmetrical faults. It provides a simple way to represent the phase displacement between the three phases and is extensively used in symmetrical component analysis, sequence networks, and power-system fault calculations. In this article, we will … Read more

In this article, we are going to discuss the conventional sources of electrical energy. There are mainly three types of conventional sources of electrical energy: Thermal Power Plant In a thermal power plant, coal is first pulverized into a fine powder to increase its calorific value and improve combustion efficiency. Coal is the main fuel … Read more

A fault implies an abnormal condition in the electrical power system. Only the failure of insulation causes a fault. A fault causes an excess current to flow through an unintended path. Low insulation reduces system impedance. When the system impedance falls below the lowest load impedance a fault generates. A power system network consists of … Read more

Suppose there is a conductor with a charge of q per unit length. Also, we consider two arbitrary points, P1 and P2, near the conductor. Here, D1 is the distance of P1 from the center of the conductor. D2 is the distance of P2 from the center of the conductor. The general expression for the … Read more

We mark the conductors as A, B, and C. Additionally, we mark the position of the conductors in the transmission line as 1, 2, and 3. The distance between conductors A and B is D12D_{12}​. Similarly, we can say, the distance between conductors B and A is D21D_{21}. Therefore,D12=D21D_{12}=D_{21}Similarly, the distance of conductor B to … Read more

Generally, we measure grounding resistance using the three electrode method. In this method, we inject a high frequency current, typically around 25 kHz, into the soil and measure the potential drop along the line of measurement using a potential probe inserted between the earth electrode and the current probe. For power transmission tower footing resistance … Read more

Suppose there are m conductors arranged in parallel. We can mark the conductors as 1, 2, 3, …, m. Current I₁, I₂, I₃, …, Iₘ flow through the conductors, respectively. Also, in a system, we can consider the sum of these currents to be zero. So, we can write,I1+I2+I3+⋯+Im=0I_1+I_2+I_3+\cdots+I_m=0We need to calculate the flux linkage … Read more

Let A be the cross-section of a conductor. The current I is flowing in the inward direction with respect to the reference plane. Suppose there is another conductor at a distance D. Here, current I is flowing outward with respect to the reference plane. Now, at conductor A, the magnetic field intensity at any point … Read more

Suppose there is a current-carrying conductor. This conductor carries a current of I amperes. Now, we shall consider a small length dx of the conductor. Also, we shall consider a point P as the observation point. The position vector of that point from the conductor segment dx is r. This means the straight distance between … Read more

The storage of fossil fuel like coal is going to be finished in near future. So, we need an alternative source of energy for large scale electric energy generation. This is where nuclear energy comes into picture. Many developed and developing countries have found the tremendous capability of electricity generation of nuclear power. Theory of … Read more