Watt’s Inside: Electrical Engineering Topics

Battery

1. How does a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Work?
2. Interview Questions on Substation Battery & Battery Charger
3. Discharging and Charging Reactions of a Lead Acid Battery
4. What is Nickel Cadmium Battery? - A Complete Article
5. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation

Electrical Tools

6. DSLP Calculator (Direct Stroke Lightning Protection)
7. Earth Mat Design Calculator - A Complete 100% Free IEEE 80 Tool
8. Ohm's Law Calculator - A Free Online Calculator for Circuits

Power Transmission

9. Basic Working of a Thermal Power Plant - Complete Guide
10. Structure of Power Systems - A Complete Guide
11. How does a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Work?
12. What is CONTROLLED SWITCHING DEVICE? Made Simplified
13. What is Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) - A Simplified Theory
14. What is Tariff-Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB)?
15. How to Enhance Transmission Capacity?
16. What is Radio Interference Voltage(RIV)? How to Measure RIV?
17. What is STATCOM and its Uses? - A Complete Guide
18. What is Electrical Transmission System? A Complete Guide
19. Structural Detail of Transmission Towers - A Complete Guide
20. Transmission Towers - Ultimate Guide to A, B, C, and D Type
21. What is ACSR Conductor? - A Complete Explanation
22. What is an HTLS Conductor? - Introduction to HTLS
23. What are Different Types of HTLS Conductor? Complete Article
24. What is ACSS Conductor? Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported
25. What is a TACSR Conductor? - A Complete Guide
26. What is STACIR (INVAR Core HTLS Conductor) ? Complete Guide
27. GAP-Type HTLS Conductors
28. What is ACCC? Aluminium Conductor Composite Core
29. Insulators Used in Overhead Transmission Lines
30. Disc Insulators in High Voltage Transmission Lines 
31. Silicone Rubber Composite Insulators | Long Rod Type
32. Voltage Regulation in Transmission Line? – A Complete Guide
33. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide
34. What is Corona Effect? A Complete Theory and Explanation
35. Line Differential Protection
36. Working Principle of Digital Teleprotection Coupler
37. Testing of ACSR Conductors
38. Testing on GSS Earth Wire

Overhead Conductor

39. What is ACSR Conductor? - A Complete Explanation
40. What is an HTLS Conductor? - Introduction to HTLS
41. What are Different Types of HTLS Conductor? Complete Article
42. What is ACSS Conductor? Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported
43. What is a TACSR Conductor? - A Complete Guide
44. What is STACIR (INVAR Core HTLS Conductor) ? Complete Guide
45. GAP-Type HTLS Conductors
46. What is ACCC? Aluminium Conductor Composite Core
47. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide
48. Testing of ACSR Conductors
49. Testing on GSS Earth Wire

Power Transformer

50. What is Inrush Current in a Transformer? Easy Explanation
51. How to Calculate Fault MVA of a Transformer?
52. What is a Electrical Power Transformer - A Complete Guide
53. What is an Ideal Transformer? A Complete Answer
54. Working Principle of a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
55. EMF Equation of a Transformer - A Complete Derivation
56. Transformer Vector Diagram or Phasor Diagram - Explained
57. Equivalent Circuit of Transformer - A Complete Explanation
58. Parallel Operation of Transformers - A Complete Explanation
59. Autotransformer | How does it save copper? A Complete Theory
60. What is Tertiary or Stabilizer Winding? A Complete Theory
61. Voltage Regulation of a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
62. Different Losses in a Transformer - A Complete Explanation
63. What is Transformer Efficiency? - A Complete Explanation
64. Core and Shell Type Transformer Core - A Complete Guide
65. Amorphous Material for Transformer Core - A Complete Guide
66. Condenser Bushing - Theory of Capacitor Grading
67. Synthetic Resin Bonded Paper Bushing (SRBP or RBP)
68. OIP Bushing (Oil Impregnated Paper Bushing) - Explained
69. RIP Bushing Construction and Design - A Complete Guide
70. What is a Transformer Breather? A Complete Guide
71. What is a Buchholz Relay? A Complete Working Principle
72. What is an Oil Surge Relay (OSR)? - A Complete Guide
73. What is Transformer Oil? Types of Transformer Oil
74. Key Properties of Transformer Oil and Why They Matter
75. Technical Parameters of Transformer Oil - A Complete Guide
76. Nitrogen Injection Fire Protection System (NIFPS or NIFPES)
77. Stage Inspection of a Transformer
78. Parameters of a Transformer (10MVA 66/11KV Transformer)
79. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
80. Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection of Transformer
81. High Impedance REF Protection of Transformer- Complete Guide
82. Backup Protection of Transformer - Over Current Earth Fault
83. Testing on 10MVA Power Transformer
84. Testing on New Transformer Oil
85. Interview Questions on Power Transformer A Complete Session

Circuit Breakers

86. High Voltage Circuit Breaker - Air, Oil, SF6 & Vacuum Types
87. Rated Short Circuit Making Current and Breaking Current 
88. Zero Current Crossing Method in A Circuit Breaker
89. Small Inductive Current Interruption by Circuit Breakers
90. Arc Voltage, Recovery Voltage, Restriking Voltage, RRRV
91. Shunt Trip Mechanism Vs Series Trip Mechanism
92. Details Current Ratings of a Circuit Breaker
93. First Pole to Clear Factor of Circuit Breaker
94. Rated Transient Recovery Voltage of a Circuit Breaker
95. M2 Class Circuit Breakers as per IEC 62271‑100
96. C2 Duty Cycle Test for Circuit Breakers as per IEC 62271
97. Construction and Working of MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
98. Selective DC Scheme in Breaker Control Circuit
99. Spring - Spring Mechanism of Circuit Breaker - Explained
100. Anti-Pumping Scheme in Circuit Breakers - A Complete Guide
101. Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker | MOCB - Explained
102. Duty Cycle of a Circuit Breaker
103. Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker - History, Working & Drawbacks

SF6 Circuit Breaker

104. Types of SF6 Circuit Breaker - A Complete Comparison Guide
105. SF6 Gas Properties | SF6 in CB - A Complete Guide
106. Greenhouse Effect of SF6 Gas and Alternative Gas of SF6
107. DC Control Circuit of an SF6 Circuit Breaker
108. Testing on SF6 Circuit Breaker
109. Objective Questions on SF6 CB - A Complete MCQ Series

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

110. Effect of Contact Gap and Contact Velocity on Arc in VCB?
111. What is Metal Enclosed Indoor Switchgear? A Complete Guide
112. What is a Vacuum Circuit Breaker? A Complete Theory
113. How does a Vacuum Arc Form? A Complete Explanation
114. Working Principle of Vacuum Circuit Breaker
115. A Complete Comparison of Vacuum Circuit Breakers with Other
116. Vacuum Interrupter - Construction, Function, Arc Quenching
117. Design of Contacts in Vacuum Interrupters
118. Testing of a Vacuum Circuit Breaker
119. Ratings of 36kV Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker
120. Questions on 33KV Circuit Breaker - A Complete Session

Current Transformer

121. What is a Current Transformer? - A Complete Explanation
122. Current Transformer: Working Principle, Theory, and Purpose
123. What are the Types of Current Transformer - A Complete Guide
124. Dead Tank CT (Current Transformer) - A Complete Guide
125. Live Tank Current Transformer (Live Tank CT)
126. Live Tank vs Dead Tank Current Transformers
127. Protection CT Vs Metering CT - Differences and Applications
128. Selection of CTs for Protection & Metering - Complete Guide
129. Errors in Current Transformers (CTs) & Saturation in CTs
130. Instrument Safety Factor or Instrument Security Factor (ISF)
131. What is Accuracy Limit Factor of CT? Complete Details
132. CT Saturation and its Causes & Effects - A Complete Guide
133. Testing of HV Current Transformer - A Complete List
134. Core Balance CT or Core Balance Current Transformer (CBCT)
135. What is Nanocrystalline Core in CTs? A Complete Detail
136. What is SF6 CT? SF6 Current Transformer - Complete Guide
137. Rogowski Coil CT - A Complete Guide to Theory and Operation

Potential Transformer

138. What is Potential Transformer or PT? Complete Theory
139. Testing of Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
140. Ferroresonance in PT and its Prevention – Simplified Theory
141. Technical Parameters of a Potential Transformer (PT)
142. Questions on Voltage Transformer – A Complete Session

Lightning Arrester

143. What is a Lightning Arrester? - Types of LA
144. Lightning Arrester Ratings - A Details and Complete Guide
145. Lightning Arrester - Gapless Metal Oxide (ZnO) Arrester
146. Zinc Oxide Material Science for ZnO Blocks
147. Valve Type Lightning Arresters
148. Testing of Lightning Arrester
149. Top Questions on HV Lightning Arresters - A Complete Session

Capacitor Bank

150. Reactive Power in Power Systems - A Simplified Explanation
151. Location and Connection of Capacitor Banks
152. Shunt Capacitor Bank and Series Capacitor Bank
153. Double Star Ungrounded Capacitor Bank
154. Details of Capacitor Units in a Capacitor Bank
155. Construction and Manufacturing Process of a Capacitor Unit
156. Why Reactors are Used with Capacitor Banks
157. Protection of a Capacitor Bank | Unbalance Protection Scheme
158. Testing of Capacitor Bank

Bus Layout

159. What is Metal Enclosed Indoor Switchgear? A Complete Guide
160. Types of Bus Arrangements in Substations - A Complete Guide

Earthing System

161. Important Questions (MCQ) on Transformers with Explanations
162. Substation Earthing - A Simplified and Complete Guide
163. How Lightning Occurs? Complete and Simple Explanation
164. Direct Stroke Lightning Protection (DSLP) Philosophy - IEEE
165. Empirical DSLP Design Methods - A Complete Explanation
166. Topics Covered or to be Covered
167. How to Measure Soil Resistivity for A Transmission Line?
168. Earth Mat Design Calculator - A Complete 100% Free IEEE 80 Tool
169. How to Measure Soil Resistivity: Detailed Process Explained
170. What is a Sheath Voltage Limiter?
171. Earth Continuity Conductor or Cable (ECC) for EHV Cables

Electrical Parameters

172. Power Frequency Withstand Voltage & Impulse Voltage Ratings
173. What is Inductance? Complete Guide for Electrical Engineers
174. What is an Inductor? How does an Inductor Work in DC?
175. Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law?
176. Behavior of An Inductor in AC Circuit - Complete Explanation
177. What is Ideal Current Source and Practical Current Source?
178. What is Ideal Voltage Source and Practical Voltage Source?
179. What is the Magnetic Effect of Current - Complete Theory
180. What is Insulation Resistance ? - A Complete Guide
181. What Are the Different Types of Resistors? Complete Guide
182. What is a Wire Wound Resistor? A Complete Guide
183. Metal Film Resistor Design and Applications A Complete Guide
184. What is a Carbon Film Resistor? - A Complete Guide
185. What is a Carbon Composition Resistor - A Complete Guide
186. What is Resistivity (Specific Resistance)? A Complete Guide
187. What is Electrical Resistance? A Complete Answer
188. Effect of Temperature on Resistance - A Complete Explanation
189. Ohm's Law - A Complete Guide with Formula and Examples
190. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation
191. Quality Factor & Dissipation Factor or Q Factor & D Factor
192. Voltage Regulation in Transmission Line? – A Complete Guide
193. What is Skin Effect in Electrical Systems? Complete Guide

Electrical Protection

194. What is an Electrical Protection Relay? Explained in Details
195. Electromagnetic Attraction Type Relay
196. Contact Multiplier Relay – Construction and Working
197. What is an Induction Disc Relay – A Complete Explanation
198. What is Induction Cup Relay? A Complete Explanation
199. What is Watthour Meter Type Induction Relay? Complete Theory
200. What is Electrical Static Relay - A Complete Explanation
201. High Impedance Bus Differential Protection
202. What is a Numerical Protection Relay - A Complete Guide
203. Local Breaker Backup (LBB) Protection - Explained
204. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
205. Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection of Transformer
206. Line Differential Protection
207. High Impedance REF Protection of Transformer- Complete Guide
208. Backup Protection of Transformer - Over Current Earth Fault
209. SOTF Protection or Switch On To Fault Protection

Differential Protection

210. High Impedance Bus Differential Protection
211. What is Transformer Differential Protection? Complete Guide
212. Line Differential Protection

Solar Panel

213. What is a Photovoltaic Cell? A Complete Theory Explained
214. How Monocrystalline Solar Panels Are Made - Complete Guide
215. What is Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Power Plant - Easy Read
216. What is Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)? Complete Theory
217. What is DC–DC Converter? Complete Explanation with Circuit

Equipment Testing

218. Testing of HV Current Transformer - A Complete List
219. Testing of a Station Service Transformer as per Standards
220. Testing on Earthing Transformer
221. Testing on SF6 Circuit Breaker
222. Testing of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
223. Testing of a Vacuum Circuit Breaker
224. Testing of Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
225. Testing of Lightning Arrester
226. Testing on 10MVA Power Transformer
227. Testing of High Voltage Isolators
228. Testing of Capacitor Bank
229. Testing on New Transformer Oil
230. Testing on Clamp Connectors of Power Circuit
231. Testing on Aluminium Bus Pipe
232. Testing of ACSR Conductors
233. Testing on GSS Earth Wire
234. Testing of XLPE Cable above 33KV up to 220KV

Gas Insulated Switchgear

235. Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) - An Introduction
236. Testing of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
237. Online Partial Discharge Measurement of GIS

High Voltage Cable

238. Interview Questions on High Voltage Cables
239. EHV XLPE Cable Construction: Exploring Each Part
240. What is XLPE or Cross Linked Polyethylene
241. Type, Routine and Acceptance Tests for HV XLPE Cables
242. What is Milliken Segmented Stranded Conductor Ultimate Guide
243. Types of Sheath Bonding in High Voltage Cable
244. What is a Sheath Voltage Limiter?
245. Earth Continuity Conductor or Cable (ECC) for EHV Cables
246. Testing of XLPE Cable above 33KV up to 220KV

Ratings of Electrical Equipment

247. Battery Sizing Calculation for a Substation
248. Current Ratings of an Electrical Equipment
249. What is Normal Current Rating? - A Complete Guide
250. Details Current Ratings of a Circuit Breaker
251. Rated Transient Recovery Voltage of a Circuit Breaker
252. Duty Cycle of a Circuit Breaker
253. What is Basic Insulation Level (BIL) - A Complete Guidance
254. Ratings of 36kV Outdoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Testing Procedure

255. DC Resistance Test on Stranded Conductor - A Complete Guide
256. Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) - A Complete Guide

Measuring Instrument

257. What is Attraction Moving Iron Instrument - A Complete Guide
258. What is an LCR Meter? Working Principle of an LCR Meter

Interview Questions

259. Interview Questions on High Voltage Cables
260. Interview Questions on Substation Battery & Battery Charger
261. Questions on Voltage Transformer – A Complete Session
262. Top Questions on HV Lightning Arresters - A Complete Session
263. Interview Questions on Power Transformer A Complete Session
264. Questions on 33KV Circuit Breaker - A Complete Session

Electrical MCQs

265. Objective Questions on SF6 CB - A Complete MCQ Series
266. Quiz on Electrical Engineering - A Complete MCQ Quiz Series