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To design the proper grounding systems for transmission line towers, we need to know the soil resistivity. Here, we shall provide a comprehensive guide. Wenner Four Point Method We follow the IEEE 81 Standard for soil resistivity measurement for this purpose. We need the following equipment for the measurement. Step-by-Step Procedure Select Test Location: We … Read more
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In this article, we will focus on the types of SF6 circuit breakers. These are double pressure type SF6 circuit breakers and single pressure type SF6 circuit breakers. The double-pressure-type SF6 circuit breaker is an obsolete technology. Utilities, previously used in substations. Whereas the single pressure type SF6 circuit breaker is the modern design of … Read more
Traditional distribution transformers use cold-rolled grain-oriented (CRGO) silicon steel for their core. However, in recent years, manufacturers have preferred using amorphous iron materials. The amorphous core material is typically an amorphous iron alloy. It is mainly an iron alloy, with a small quantity of boron and silicon. Unlike CRGO steel, the amorphous material is non-crystalline … Read more
In this article, we are going to discuss the theory behind a condenser bushing. We have mainly focused on how the capacitor grading improves the voltage distribution along the thickness of the insulation. We also call it a capacitor graded bushing. There are mainly two types of condenser bushings. These are the OIP bushing and … Read more
We also refer to a resin-bonded paper bushing or a synthetic resin-bonded paper bushing, respectively, as SRBP or RBP bushings, in short form. Before entering the actual discussion of resin-bonded paper bushings, let us understand the meaning of resin-bonded paper. What is the meaning of resin-bonded? We all know that paper is a cellulose material, … Read more
An OIP bushing uses concentric cylindrical capacitors in series between the central conductor and outer insulator housing of the bushing. An OIP bushing serves the same purpose as the other types of bushings do. That means it provides proper insulation between the live conductor and the grounded metallic tank of electrical equipment, such as power … Read more
Measuring soil resistivity is essential before designing a grounded earthing system for a substation. Because this measurement determines how well the ground can dissipate fault currents. If the soil resistivity is high, the grounding system needs some changes. It requires denser earthing mesh and more conductive electrodes. A well-designed earthing system prevents intolerable voltage buildup. … Read more
The electricity demand is increasing day by day. On the other hand, the land available for constructing new transmission lines is reducing continuously. Due to growing legal complexities, identifying or surveying a suitable transmission corridor has become a significant challenge. Therefore, the only practical solution available is to transmit more power through the existing transmission … Read more
What is Insulation Resistance? Insulation resistance measures how well an insulating material stops leakage current. We measure this blocking ability in Ohms (Ω). Furthermore, good insulation has very high resistance. In contrast, poor insulation allows current to leak. Obviously, this leakage can cause electric shocks, equipment damage, and fire hazards. Basic Formula of Insulation Resistance … Read more