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Skin effect is a phenomenon that occurs in conductors. It mainly occurs while a conductor carries alternating current. Actually, an alternating current always tries to flow through the outer layer of a conductor. As a result, the current distribution across the cross-section of the conductor becomes uneven. Alternating current flows through the conductor at 50 … Read more
A valve-type lightning arrester is an effective type of lightning arrester for high voltage surges. Here, we shall explore how valve-type lightning arresters work and why they were revolutionary in their time. What Is a Valve-Type Lightning Arrester? As stated, a valve-type lightning arrester is a high-voltage surge protection device. It was widely used in … Read more
The corona effect is a natural electrical phenomenon. It occurs on EHV and UHV transmission lines. It may also occur inside substations on the live parts of high-voltage equipment. Cause of the Corona Effect The voltage level of transmission lines and live equipment is very high in EHV systems. Therefore, the electric field intensity surrounding … Read more
The tests are performed as per IS-3181 Type Tests on Earthing Transformer Routine Tests on Earthing Transformer Acceptance Tests on Earthing Transformer
Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection is a special type of protection. This protection scheme is mainly applied to power transformers. This scheme is designed to detect only the internal earth faults of the transformer. It provides highly sensitive and selective protection for internal earth faults. Restricted earth fault protection is a unit protection scheme. REF … Read more
Type Tests of SF6 Circuit Breakers as per IS-13118: Routine Tests on SF6 Circuit Breaker as per IS-12729. Acceptance Tests on SF6 Circuit Breaker
Type Tests of Gas Insulated Switchgear Routine Tests on Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) The below mentioned tests are performed on complete GIS assembly Below mentioned tests are performed on the individual equivalent like Circuit Breaker: Current Transformer: Potential Transformer: Disconnectors/Isolators: Acceptance Tests of Gas Insulated Switchgear The acceptance tests are the same as factory routine … Read more
The article will focus on the contact design of vacuum interrupters. Before discussing the subject, let us consider why a specific design of contacts is required. The simplest form of contact is the butt-type contact, which has a plain and flat surface. This type of contact is suitable for vacuum circuit breakers with a rated … Read more
Type Tests for a 36kV Class Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) As per IS: 13118, these type tests include: These tests are intended to ensure that the circuit breakers perform reliably, safely, and efficiently under various operating conditions. Routine Tests for a 36kV Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) As per IS: 13118, the routine tests include the … Read more
Before entering the topic of line differential protection, or simply differential protection of a transmission line, we shall first recall our concept of differential protection. Actually, the differential protection used for a transmission line is called line differential protection. We have already heard about the differential protection of transformers, busbars, etc. The same principle is … Read more