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The current transformer is a kind of transformer that steps down currents. From the name “current transformer,” we can understand that it deals with current. The available instruments for measuring and protection purposes in the market are of a few amperes range. The ammeters, energy meters, wattmeters, and various protection relays are rated for only … Read more
Wound Type CT The Wound type CT uses a magnetic core. The core of the CT consists of laminations of cold-rolled, grain-oriented silicon steel. Some manufacturers also use nano-crystalline core material for this purpose. This creates a closed magnetic path. We wrap insulating paper around this closed magnetic path (core). Over the paper insulation, we … Read more
Organized into 15 categories Current Transformer (CT) Potential Transformer (PT / VT / CVT) Circuit Breakers (VCB / SF6 / GIS / ACB / OCB) Protection Systems Substation Engineering (AIS/GIS) Earthing & Lightning Protection Transformer Engineering Capacitor Banks & Power Quality Transmission Lines Distribution Systems HVDC & FACTS Industrial Systems Standards & Testing Real-World Operation … Read more
Power Transmission Challenges The main drawback of conventional ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductors is their limited thermal capacity. These conductors are typically designed to operate at a maximum temperature of 75°C. Although some modern variants can withstand up to 85°C, exceeding these temperature limits by increasing current leads to higher thermal expansion, which in … Read more
In this article, we are going to discuss the dead tank CT or dead tank current transformer, commonly referred to as a dead tank CT. Dead tank current transformers are not popular for very high-voltage systems like 220 kV and above. Utilities often use dead tank CTs in 33 kV systems. They prefer this design … Read more
A live tank current transformer (Live Tank CT) is a high-voltage current transformer. Here we place the entire current transformer at the top of the device. If we imagine a current transformer, the primary of the current transformer is nothing but the line conductor. Because of that, we connect the primary in series with the … Read more
When it comes to high-voltage power systems, current transformers (CTs) play a critical role. It has a vital role in measurement and protection. CTs come in two main designs—Live Tank and Dead Tank. While both serve the same fundamental purpose, they differ significantly in construction. Live tank and dead tank CTs differ mainly in insulation. … Read more
Current Transformers (CTs) play a crucial role in power systems. They perform both metering and protection functions. However, the same CT can not perform both metering and protection functions. This is because each of the protection and metering applications has different accuracy, burden-handling, and dynamic performance requirements. Hence, CTs are designed as either Metering CTs … Read more
A current transformer (CT) reduces high currents to small, usable values. We utilize CTs for metering and protection purposes. Proper CT selection ensures accuracy, safety, and reliable protection. Identify the Purpose of CT Metering CT A metering CT measures current for billing and monitoring. Therefore, it must work accurately within the tolerable upper limit of … Read more
Lightning protection is essential in every high-voltage substation. The lightning masts (LMs) shield equipment from direct strokes. We use the DSLP calculation to check this shielding. We need three main inputs for this calculation. Calculate Single Mast Protective Radius A lightning mast protects a circular zone. Say, \(r_x\) is the radius of this protection zone … Read more