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A valve-type lightning arrester is an effective type of lightning arrester for high voltage surges. Here, we shall explore how valve-type lightning arresters work and why they were revolutionary in their time. What Is a Valve-Type Lightning Arrester? As stated, a valve-type lightning arrester is a high-voltage surge protection device. It was widely used in … Read more
Zinc oxide has a semiconducting nature. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an n-type semiconductor. An n-type semiconductor is a material in which loosely bound electrons are available. However, zinc oxide (ZnO) is not like conventional semiconductors such as germanium or silicon. In germanium or silicon semiconductors, these extra electrons come from dopants. But in ZnO, no … Read more
Why was the gapless ZnO lightning arrester developed over the valve-type lightning arrester? In a valve-type lightning arrester, we connect spark gaps in series with non-linear resistors. This is necessary because silicon carbide (SiC) has a relatively low non-linearity coefficient (α ≈ 5–7). As a result, the knee point in the V–I characteristic of an … Read more
A lightning arrester is a protective device used in electrical power systems, buildings, communication systems, and other infrastructure to safely divert high-voltage surges caused by lightning strikes or switching events to the ground for preventing damage to equipment. Actually, a lightning arrester is a device connected between the line and ground. It remains non-conductive under … Read more
Type Tests of Gas Insulated Switchgear Routine Tests on Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) The below mentioned tests are performed on complete GIS assembly Below mentioned tests are performed on the individual equivalent like Circuit Breaker: Current Transformer: Potential Transformer: Disconnectors/Isolators: Acceptance Tests of Gas Insulated Switchgear The acceptance tests are the same as factory routine … Read more
ACSR means Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced. We mostly choose ACSR for high‐voltage overhead transmission lines. An ACSR consists mainly of two parts. It has multiple layers of pure aluminum strands for carrying current. The purity of aluminum is 99.5%. It also has a central core of galvanized steel. This core provides tensile strength to the … Read more
A Gap-type HTLS conductor is a special type HTLS conductor. It exhibits a separate high strength low elongation steel core surrounded by layers of thermal resistant aluminum alloy strands. The typicality of a gap type HTLS conductor is, it maintains a deliberate annular gap between the core and the first layer of aluminum alloy strands. … Read more
The electricity demand increasing tremendously from last few decades. The increasing demand of lands and few government policies are the constraints in expanding transmission infrastructure. Hence there is no way other than increasing the ampacity of the existing transmission networks. This increases the need for High-Temperature Low-Sag (HTLS) conductors. Among the various HTLS conductors, INVAR … Read more
Power Transmission Challenges The main drawback of conventional ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductors is their limited thermal capacity. These conductors are typically designed to operate at a maximum temperature of 75°C. Although some modern variants can withstand up to 85°C, exceeding these temperature limits by increasing current leads to higher thermal expansion, which in … Read more
In this article, we shall explore the lightning arrester ratings. The article includes rated voltage, MCOV, discharge current, residual voltage, energy absorption, and many more. Lightning Arrester Ratings based on Voltage How to Select the Lightning Arrester Ratings based on Voltage? For that, we have to consider two conditions. These are the effectively earthed condition … Read more