Power Transformer

Before entering the article on the transformer vector diagram or the transformer phasor diagram, we may recall our concept of an ideal transformer. For a basic idea of an ideal transformer, you may also read our article on the emf equation of a transformer. Considering Core Losses for Transformer Vector Diagram Now, we shall consider … Read more

The vector diagram shows the phase relationships clearly. It reveals how currents and voltages interact physically. Moreover, it guides us in circuit element placement. Each vector represents one specific circuit component. Therefore, the diagram becomes our blueprint for the equivalent circuit of a transformer. Without it, we cannot understand parameter connections properly. Vector Diagram No … Read more

To enhance the capacity of a substation, we need to connect more than one power transformer in parallel. In the parallel operation of transformers, we connect the HV side of the transformers to the same HV bus of the substation. At the same time, we connect the LV side of the transformers to the same … Read more

An autotransformer utilizes a single continuous winding. On the other hand, a two-winding transformer consists of two separate windings, one for the primary and the other for the secondary. In an autotransformer, the secondary is tapped from a specific turn of its winding. It saves some copper. Obviously, copper means money. So this optimizes the … Read more

A three-phase autotransformer has a star winding on both the primary and secondary sides. Suppose an imbalance arises in the three-phase current. It may happen on either the primary or the secondary side. In both cases, it produces zero-sequence current through the winding. For example, suppose an earth fault occurs in any one of the … Read more

Cause of Voltage Regulation Every electrical source has some internal or inherent impedance. It may be a battery, a transmission line, a power transformer, or any other device that can supply electric power. Due to this inherent impedance, there is always a voltage drop in that system. When we measure the voltage across the open … Read more

Two types of losses occur in a transformer. We refer to these losses collectively as losses in Transformers. These two losses are no-load losses and copper losses. We also often refer to the no-load losses as core losses. These losses occur due to the magnetic material of the core of the transformer. These losses include … Read more

The power that enters through the primary of a power transformer does not remain the same at the output circuit. In simple words, a transformer cannot transfer the entire input power to the load. A transformer is an electrical machine. So, it has its own efficiency level. No machine in the universe can have 100% … Read more

Not only a power transformer, but all transformers have only two main parts. These are the windings and the core. All other parts associated with the transformer are just there to support the working of the transformer. Actually, the principle of a transformer is based on these two elements — the winding and the transformer … Read more

Traditional distribution transformers use cold-rolled grain-oriented (CRGO) silicon steel for their core. However, in recent years, manufacturers have preferred using amorphous iron materials. The amorphous core material is typically an amorphous iron alloy. It is mainly an iron alloy, with a small quantity of boron and silicon. Unlike CRGO steel, the amorphous material is non-crystalline … Read more