Power Transformer

Definition of Transformer A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another without changing the frequency. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction Let us recall our knowledge of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Because it is essential for the working principle of a transformer. This famous law states that … Read more

Before entering the article on the transformer vector diagram or the transformer phasor diagram, we may recall our concept of an ideal transformer. For a basic idea of an ideal transformer, you may also read our article on the emf equation of a transformer. Considering Core Losses for Transformer Vector Diagram Now, we shall consider … Read more

The vector diagram shows the phase relationships clearly. It reveals how currents and voltages interact physically. Moreover, it guides us in circuit element placement. Each vector represents one specific circuit component. Therefore, the diagram becomes our blueprint for the equivalent circuit of a transformer. Without it, we cannot understand parameter connections properly. Vector Diagram No … Read more

To enhance the capacity of a substation, we need to connect more than one power transformer in parallel. In the parallel operation of transformers, we connect the HV side of the transformers to the same HV bus of the substation. At the same time, we connect the LV side of the transformers to the same … Read more

An autotransformer utilizes a single continuous winding. On the other hand, a two-winding transformer consists of two separate windings, one for the primary and the other for the secondary. In an autotransformer, the secondary is tapped from a specific turn of its winding. It saves some copper. Obviously, copper means money. So this optimizes the … Read more

In a three-phase autotransformer a single star winding shares both the primary and secondary sides. Suppose an asymmetrical disturbance (unbalanced condition or fault) arises in the three-phase current. It may happen on either the primary or the secondary side. In both cases, it produces zero-sequence current. For example, suppose an earth fault occurs in any … Read more

Cause of Voltage Regulation Every electrical source has some internal or inherent impedance. It may be a battery, a transmission line, a power transformer, or any other device that can supply electric power. Due to this inherent impedance, there is always a voltage drop in that system. When we measure the voltage across the open … Read more

Two types of losses occur in a transformer. We refer to these losses collectively as losses in Transformers. These two losses are no-load losses and copper losses. We also often refer to the no-load losses as core losses. These losses occur due to the magnetic material of the core of the transformer. These losses include … Read more

The power that enters through the primary of a power transformer does not remain the same at the output circuit. In simple words, a transformer cannot transfer the entire input power to the load. A transformer is an electrical machine. So, it has its own efficiency level. No machine in the universe can have 100% … Read more