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Empirical design methods protect substations and transmission lines from lightning using practical experience. The two methods are fixed angles and empirical curves. Both give acceptable protection. Fixed Angle Method of DSLP Here, we assume that a lightning mast or shielding wire protects an area below it within a fixed angle. It saves all equipment inside … Read more
Two types of losses occur in a transformer. We refer to these losses collectively as losses in Transformers. These two losses are no-load losses and copper losses. We also often refer to the no-load losses as core losses. These losses occur due to the magnetic material of the core of the transformer. These losses include … Read more
The power that enters through the primary of a power transformer does not remain the same at the output circuit. In simple words, a transformer cannot transfer the entire input power to the load. A transformer is an electrical machine. So, it has its own efficiency level. No machine in the universe can have 100% … Read more
Not only a power transformer, but all transformers have only two main parts. These are the windings and the core. All other parts associated with the transformer are just there to support the working of the transformer. Actually, the principle of a transformer is based on these two elements — the winding and the transformer … Read more
Metal enclosed indoor switchgear is a medium-voltage electrical switchgear system. It is an indoor-type switchgear system. In a metal-enclosed switchgear, all live components remain enclosed within grounded metal compartments. The voltage ratings of this indoor switchgear system range from 3.3 kV to 36 kV. Obviously, it requires less space compared to outdoor switchgear. All the … Read more
Let us try to understand why transmission of electricity requires a high-voltage transmission system. This is essential before discussing the details of an electrical transmission system, Requirement of Electrical Transmission System All the generating stations generate electric power at a low voltage level. Because generating electrical power at a low voltage level is economical. Actually, … Read more
We mostly use self-supported towers for electrical EHV power transmission. A self-supported tower differs from other types because of its construction features. This tower does not require any stay wire or guy wire to keep it stable in the vertical direction. We generally use lattice-type towers made from galvanized iron (GI) angles of different sizes … Read more
Power Transmission Utilities use lattice-structured transmission towers for extra high voltage transmission lines and ultra-high voltage transmission lines, normally above 33 kV or including 33 kV lines. They use galvanized iron or GI angles with nuts and bolts to erect the electrical transmission towers. The height of these towers ranges from 20 to 40 meters, … Read more
ACSR means Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced. We mostly choose ACSR for high‐voltage overhead transmission lines. An ACSR consists mainly of two parts. It has multiple layers of pure aluminum strands for carrying current. The purity of aluminum is 99.5%. It also has a central core of galvanized steel. This core provides tensile strength to the … Read more
Power Transmission Challenges The main drawback of conventional ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductors is their limited thermal capacity. These conductors are typically designed to operate at a maximum temperature of 75°C. Although some modern variants can withstand up to 85°C, exceeding these temperature limits by increasing current leads to higher thermal expansion, which in … Read more