Learn Electrical Engineering
To enhance the capacity of a substation, we need to connect more than one power transformer in parallel. In the parallel operation of transformers, we connect the HV side of the transformers to the same HV bus of the substation. At the same time, we connect the LV side of the transformers to the same … Read more
An autotransformer utilizes a single continuous winding. On the other hand, a two-winding transformer consists of two separate windings, one for the primary and the other for the secondary. In an autotransformer, the secondary is tapped from a specific turn of its winding. It saves some copper. Obviously, copper means money. So this optimizes the … Read more
A three-phase autotransformer has a star winding on both the primary and secondary sides. Suppose an imbalance arises in the three-phase current. It may happen on either the primary or the secondary side. In both cases, it produces zero-sequence current through the winding. For example, suppose an earth fault occurs in any one of the … Read more
Cause of Voltage Regulation Every electrical source has some internal or inherent impedance. It may be a battery, a transmission line, a power transformer, or any other device that can supply electric power. Due to this inherent impedance, there is always a voltage drop in that system. When we measure the voltage across the open … Read more
Scientists have proposed various theories to explain how electric charges form and separate inside clouds. In reality, charge formation and separation inside clouds are very complex natural phenomena. Engineers mainly need to know that charge separation occurs in thunderstorm clouds. In general, the negative charge concentrates in the main lower part of a thundercloud. In … Read more
Eriksson Striking Distance Equation The earlier equation, which relates striking distance to return stroke current, does not imply everything. Because the earlier lightning models assumed that the striking distance depends only on the return stroke current. However, Eriksson found this was not a fully correct prediction. He showed that the height of the structure also … Read more
Empirical design methods protect substations and transmission lines from lightning using practical experience. The two methods are fixed angles and empirical curves. Both give acceptable protection. Fixed Angle Method of DSLP Here, we assume that a lightning mast or shielding wire protects an area below it within a fixed angle. It saves all equipment inside … Read more
Two types of losses occur in a transformer. We refer to these losses collectively as losses in Transformers. These two losses are no-load losses and copper losses. We also often refer to the no-load losses as core losses. These losses occur due to the magnetic material of the core of the transformer. These losses include … Read more
The power that enters through the primary of a power transformer does not remain the same at the output circuit. In simple words, a transformer cannot transfer the entire input power to the load. A transformer is an electrical machine. So, it has its own efficiency level. No machine in the universe can have 100% … Read more
Not only a power transformer, but all transformers have only two main parts. These are the windings and the core. All other parts associated with the transformer are just there to support the working of the transformer. Actually, the principle of a transformer is based on these two elements — the winding and the transformer … Read more