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SOTF Protection or Switch On To Fault Protection

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We are going to discuss here in this article a clear idea about SOTF Protection. Sometimes it becomes necessary to open a circuit breaker just after closing. This is due to the presence of a fault during the closing of the circuit breaker. This type of condition may arise due to different reasons. Such as … Read more

What is SF6 CT? SF6 Current Transformer – Complete Guide

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SF6 CT

Nowadays, SF6 gas-filled current transformers become popular modern type of CT used in high-voltage substations. It uses SF6 gas as its internal insulating medium instead of conventional insulating oil. We normally install SF6 CTs in voltage levels above 132 kV. A typical SF6 CT is a single-unit, live-tank type instrument transformer. Because it contains pressurized … Read more

Duty Cycle of a Circuit Breaker

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A Circuit breaker is an essential component in electrical power system. It is designed to interrupt fault currents and hence protect equipment from damage. A crucial aspect of their performance is the duty cycle. The duty cycle defines the operational requirements and limitations of the breaker in terms of repeated opening and closing operations. Whenever … Read more

Testing on Clamp Connectors of Power Circuit

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Type Tests of Clamp Connectors The tests are performed as per IS: 5561. Type tests are performed on 3 samples of same item Routine Tests on Clamp Connectors Acceptance Tests on Clamp Connectors as per IS: 5561 The number of samples for acceptance tests will be 0.5% (or as the nearest whole number) of the … Read more

Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker – History, Working & Drawbacks

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In the early days, less 1910 or the early 20th century, most utilities used a bulk oil circuit breaker (BOCB) for high-voltage switching during that time. Earlier air circuit breakers served the purpose of switching high voltage and very high voltage current. But after the 19th century, engineers realized that mineral oil, or specially treated … Read more

What is Basic Insulation Level (BIL) – A Complete Guidance

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Each high-voltage equipment requires adequate insulation to operate safely, reliably, and efficiently. Rated insulation levels indicate the amount of stress the insulation can handle during lightning strikes, sudden electrical surges, or power overloads. The IEC and Indian Standards (IS: 13118) have established clear global rules for these insulation levels to ensure consistent operation. Actually, an … Read more

Testing on Aluminium Bus Pipe

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Type Tests of Aluminum Bus Pipe These tests are performed as per IS 5082 (1998). Routine Test of Aluminium Bus Pipe Acceptance Test of Aluminium Bus Pipes The acceptance tests of the aluminium bus pipes will be the same as the routine tests. Only difference is that, acceptance tests can be performed on the selected … Read more