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Power systems deliver electricity from generation stations to consumer ends. Nowadays, power system networks become very complex. This increased complexity disrupts the voltage and frequency. Hence, the system needs to maintain voltage and frequency to ensure reliable and efficient power flow. For example, changes in load, major faults, switching operations, and renewable energy integration can … Read more
What is a Transformer? A power transformer is a static electrical device. It transforms power from one circuit to another circuit without any direct electrical connection. The working principle of a transformer is based on mutual induction. Ideally, it transforms the entire power without changing its frequency. There are mainly three types of transformers: step-up … Read more
Here, we will discuss the ideal transformer. First, let us understand what an ideal transformer is. An ideal transformer is a transformer that has no losses. The word “ideal” means the transformer operates with 100% efficiency. A transformer becomes 100% efficient only when there is no power loss. Why does power loss occur in a … Read more
Definition of Transformer A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another without changing the frequency. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction Let us recall our knowledge of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction. Because it is essential for the working principle of a transformer. This famous law states that … Read more
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction, without any physical connection. Since, a transformer works bases on electromagnetic induction, it only works on an AC supply and can step up or step down voltage levels without changing its frequency. The transformer consists of … Read more
Before entering the article on the transformer vector diagram or the transformer phasor diagram, we may recall our concept of an ideal transformer. For a basic idea of an ideal transformer, you may also read our article on the emf equation of a transformer. Considering Core Losses for Transformer Vector Diagram Now, we shall consider … Read more
The vector diagram shows the phase relationships clearly. It reveals how currents and voltages interact physically. Moreover, it guides us in circuit element placement. Each vector represents one specific circuit component. Therefore, the diagram becomes our blueprint for the equivalent circuit of a transformer. Without it, we cannot understand parameter connections properly. Vector Diagram No … Read more
To enhance the capacity of a substation, we need to connect more than one power transformer in parallel. In the parallel operation of transformers, we connect the HV side of the transformers to the same HV bus of the substation. At the same time, we connect the LV side of the transformers to the same … Read more
An autotransformer utilizes a single continuous winding. On the other hand, a two-winding transformer consists of two separate windings, one for the primary and the other for the secondary. In an autotransformer, the secondary is tapped from a specific turn of its winding. It saves some copper. Obviously, copper means money. So this optimizes the … Read more
A three-phase autotransformer has a star winding on both the primary and secondary sides. Suppose an imbalance arises in the three-phase current. It may happen on either the primary or the secondary side. In both cases, it produces zero-sequence current through the winding. For example, suppose an earth fault occurs in any one of the … Read more